Positive Health Online

Abstract

CALDER, Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK, pcc@soton.ac.uk, has reviewed (107 references) n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. Abstract: Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are found in fatty fish and in fish oils. Substantial evidence from epidemiological and case-control studies indicates that consumption of fish, fatty fish and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturates reduces the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Secondary prevention studies using these compounds in patients post-myocardial infarction have shown a reduction in total and cardiovascular mortality. They have also been shown to decrease blood triglyceride levels; to decrease the production of chemo-attractants, growth factors, adhesion molecules, inflammatory eicosanoids and inflammatory cytokines (all markers of inflammatory processes); to lower blood pressure; to decrease thrombosis and cardiac arrhythmias; and to increase heart rate variability. These mechanisms most likely explain the primary and secondary cardiovascular protection afforded by long-chain n-3 fatty acid consumption. A recent study suggests that long-chain n-3 fatty acids might also act to stabilize advanced atherosclerotic plaques, perhaps through their anti-inflammatory effects. As a result of the robust evidence in their favour, a number of recommendations to increase intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been made.

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References

Calder PC. N-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: evidence explained and mechanisms explored. Clinical Science 107 (1): 1-11, Jul 2004.