Positive Health Online

Abstract

COVINGTON, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21207, USA, mcovington@compmed.umm.edu, has reviewed (34 references) the evidence for n-3 fatty acids. Abstract: Dietary n-3 fatty acids have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of sudden death in patients with coronary heart disease. Fish such as salmon and tuna, and cod liver oil, are good sources of the n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. For vegetarians, flaxseed, walnuts, and canola oil are good sources of these compounds. N-3 fatty acids act also against thrombosis and have anti-inflammatory properties. In contrast to this, the n-6 fatty acids, which are found in most seeds, vegetable oils, and in meat, act to promote thrombosis and inflammations. N-3 fatty acids also are used to treat hyperlipidaemia (elevated levels of fat in the blood), hypertension, and rheumatoid arthritis. There are no significant drug interactions with n-3 fatty acids. The American Heart Association recommends consumption of two servings of fish per week for persons with no history of coronary heart disease, and at least one serving of fish daily for those with known coronary heart disease. For adequate protection of the heart, around 1 gram of eiosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid per day is thought to be sufficient. For lowering lipid levels in blood and for reducing joint stiffness, 2 to 4 grams per day are necessary. For even modest reductions of blood pressure, significantly higher doses are required.

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References

Covington MB. Omega-3 fatty acids. American Family Physician 70 (1): 133-140, Jul 1, 2004.