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Research: HOZAWA and colleagues,
Listed in Issue 149
Abstract
HOZAWA and colleagues, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA, have investigated the effects of carotenoids on the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Background
Serum carotenoid concentrations relate inversely to cardiovascular disease incidence. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of carotenoids on atherosclerotic risk factors, by examining the association of circulating carotenoids with inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and smoking.
Methodology
Black and white men and women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, ages 18 to 30 years at recruitment (1985-1986), were investigated over 15 years. 2048 to 4580 participants were included in analyses of the sum of serum alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, zeaxanthin/lutein, and beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations and of lycopene at year 0 and at year 7.
Results
The year 0 sum of 4 carotenoids was inversely associated (all p <0.05) with year 0 leukocyte count; year 7 fibrinogen; year 7 and year 15 C-reactive protein; and year 15 F(2)-isoprostanes, soluble P-selectin, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Leukocyte counts and sICAM1 and F(2)-isoprostane concentrations had stronger associations in smokers than in nonsmokers, and sICAM1 concentrations were higher in the highest carotenoid quartile in smokers than in the lowest carotenoid quartile in nonsmokers. Superoxide dismutase was positively associated with the sum of 4 carotenoids (p <0.01). Lycopene was inversely associated only with sICAM1. The year 7 carotenoid associations with these markers were similar to those at year 0.
Conclusion
Serum carotenoids were associated, in some cases interactively with smoking, in apparently beneficial directions with markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction.
References
Hozawa A et al.. Relationships of circulating carotenoid concentrations with several markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)/Young Adult Longitudinal Trends in Antioxidants (YALTA) study. Clinical Chemistry 53 (3): 447-455, Mar 2007.
