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Research: NAVARRO SILVERA and ROHAN,
Listed in Issue 150
Abstract
NAVARRO SILVERA and ROHAN, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Room 1301a, New York, NY 10461, USA, ssilvera@aecom.yu.edu, have reviewed (145 references) trace elements and the risk of cancer.
Abstract: Worldwide, there are more than 10 million new cancer cases each year, and cancer is the cause of approximately 12% of all deaths. A large number of epidemiological studies have been undertaken in order to identify potential risk factors for cancer. Among these factors, trace elements have received considerable attention. Trace elements, such as selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, and nickel, are found naturally in the environment, and human exposure derives from a variety of sources, including air, drinking water, and food. Trace elements are of particular interest because the levels of exposure to them are potentially modifiable. In this review, the focus is largely on the association between each of the trace elements noted above and risk of cancers of the lung, breast, colon/rectum, prostate, bladder, and stomach. Overall, the evidence currently available appears to support an inverse association between selenium exposure and prostate cancer risk, and possibly also a reduction in risk with respect to lung cancer, although additional prospective studies are needed. There is also limited evidence for an inverse association between zinc and breast cancer, and again, prospective studies are needed to confirm this. Most studies have reported no association between selenium and risk of breast, colorectal, and stomach cancer, and between zinc and prostate cancer risk. There is compelling evidence in support of positive associations between arsenic and the risk of both lung and bladder cancers, and between cadmium and the risk of lung cancer.
Background
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
References
Navarro Silvera SA, Rohan TE. Trace elements and cancer risk: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Cancer Causes & Control 18 (1): 7-27, Feb 2007.
