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Research: SATIA and COLLEAGUES,
Listed in Issue 171
Abstract
SATIA and COLLEAGUES, Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. jsatia@unc.edu studied the associations of beta-carotene, retinol, vitamin A, lutein and lycopene supplements with risk of lung cancer in participants of the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) Study in Washington State USA.
Background
High-dose beta-carotene supplementation in high-risk persons has been linked to increased lung cancer risk in clinical trials; whether effects are similar in the general population is unclear. The authors examined associations of supplemental beta-carotene, retinol, vitamin A, lutein, and lycopene with lung cancer risk among participants, aged 50-76 years, in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort Study in Washington State. In 2000-2002, eligible persons (n = 77,126) completed a 24-page baseline questionnaire, including detailed questions about supplement use (duration, frequency, dose) during the previous 10 years from multivitamins and individual supplements/mixtures. Incident lung cancers (n = 521) through December 2005 were identified by linkage to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry.
Methodology
Results
Longer duration of use of individual beta-carotene, retinol, and lutein supplements (but not total 10-year average dose) was associated with statistically significantly elevated risk of total lung cancer and histologic cell types; for example, hazard ratio = 2.02, 95% confidence interval: 1.28, 3.17 for individual supplemental lutein with total lung cancer and hazard ratio = 3.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.29, 8.07 for individual beta-carotene with small-cell lung cancer for >4 years versus no use.
Conclusion
There was little evidence for effect modification by gender or smoking status. Long-term use of individual beta-carotene, retinol, and lutein supplements should not be recommended for lung cancer prevention, particularly among smokers.
References
Satia JA, Littman A, Slatore CG, Galanko JA and White E. Long-term use of beta-carotene, retinol, lycopene, and lutein supplements and lung cancer risk: results from the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) study.[Erratum appears in Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Jun 1;169(11):1409 Note: Dosage error in article text]. American Journal of Epidemiology. 169(7): 815-28, Apr 1 2009. Comment in: Am J Epidemiol.;170(3): 401-2; PMID: 19605516]. Aug 1 2009.
